Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
In this study, the reproducibility of perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance is improved through ethylenediammonium (EDA2+)‐based surface treatments. By substituting iodide in EDAI2 with larger anions, such as thiocyanate (SCN–), tetrafluoroborate (BF4–), and hexafluorophosphate (PF6–), we significantly increased the solubility of EDA2+ in isopropyl alcohol (IPA), thereby enhancing the reliability of the compositions at the working concentrations by avoiding the risk of unwanted precipitation. In p–i–n‐type lead‐based PSCs, the standard deviation of power conversion efficiency (PCE) was reduced from 2.1% with EDAI2 to 0.7% with EDA(SCN)2, 0.7% with EDA(BF4)2 and, 0.4% with EDA(PF6)2. The high solubility of EDA(PF6)2 in low‐polarity solvents such as ethyl acetate facilitated damage‐free surface modifications, as demonstrated by successful application to mixed tin–lead PSCs. These findings show how tailored anion substitution in EDA2+ solutions enhances the consistency and performance of PSC surface treatments....
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are subject to nonlinear performance degradation caused by operational and environmental factors, which limits reliable energy production. Most existing studies focus on power output forecasting and fail to isolate intrinsic efficiency losses from meteorological variability. This study proposes a degradation-aware deep learning framework for predicting PV performance loss using multi-sensor time-series data. Performance degradation is formulated as a reference-based performance loss ratio derived from the deviation between observed power output and an ideal physics-informed reference model. A hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture is employed to jointly capture local feature representations and long-term temporal degradation dynamics. Model evaluation is conducted using a synthetically generated yet physically consistent dataset, informed by real PV measurements to ensure real-world relevance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CNN– LSTM model outperforms baseline approaches, including persistence, linear regression, and XGBoost, particularly in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) and normalized root mean square error (RMSE). Additional analyses confirm stable error behavior and temporal generalization, highlighting the suitability of the proposed approach for degradation-aware performance monitoring and predictive maintenance in PV systems....
Characterization of perovskite–silicon (Pero/Si) tandem solar cells in an industrial environment is hampered by several challenges. First, the monolithic series connection of the two subcells and the fact that the entire stack shares only two electrical terminals make it impossible to probe each subcell independently. Second, the perovskite absorber’s metastability—most notably ion migration—introduces additional, often slow, time-dependent effects. Together with the industry’s requirement for high throughput, these factors complicate accurate, high-speed characterization. In this work we propose a concept to acquire I–V data for tandem solar cells from light-emitting diode (LED)-based solar simulators, where we acquire an approximation of the external quantum efficiency from LED-based measurements before conducting an I–V measurement with an adjusted LED illumination spectrum. We present results on a reference III/V and different Pero/Si solar cells. We model ion migration in perovskite subcells, which allows for assessing preconditioning and transient effects in I–V cell measurements. We recommend a short preconditioning under light to stabilize the scan time dependence and show the potential for transfer between industrial and lab conditions. Finally, we showcase concepts of camera-based luminescence measurements for inline analysis. Specifically, we show a line-scan photoluminescence approach, a fast electroluminescence (EL) imaging approach based on parallel data acquisition with two cameras, and an EL concept based on the application of one RGB camera....
This paper surveys recent progress in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, concentrating on fresh materials, higher efficiencies, and new use cases. Rising energy demand and accelerating climate impacts make affordable, clean solar power ever more vital. We compare well-established silicon panels with emergent options like perovskite and thin-film cells, weighing each systems efficiency, drawbacks, and life-cycle footprint. The review also considers advanced designs-multi-junction devices, bifacial modules, and building-integrated PV (BIPV) that push performance beyond heritage architectures. Together, these innovations are finding homes in residences, offices, farms, and even vehicles. Yet hurdles persist: grid fit, uneven policy support, and end-oflife waste remain pressing issues. Drawing on recent studies and comparative statistics, we propose actionable pathways for wider adoption and stronger governance around the world....
Solar energy stands as one of the most promising green energy sources today. This paper proposes a symmetrical gap-type separated solar absorber and radiator (SETR) featuring a dielectric layer of Al2O3 and metalWas separation columns. Its unique structure enhances absorption within the effective solar energy spectrum, thereby alleviating solar energy absorption challenges. The finite difference time domain method (FDTD) results show that the SETR achieves an absorption rate of more than 90% in the 280–2096 nm band, which perfectly covers the visible light band range. The weighted average absorption in the 280–2500 nm band is 95.22% under AM1.5 conditions. The thermal emission efficiency at 1500 K is 95.13%, and the thermal radiation loss is less than 5%. Beyond analyzing the results, we also investigated the overall band absorption efficiency of the SETR under varying conditions by adjusting its structural parameters and physical parameters such as materials. This approach enables effective control over the absorption spectrum. Additionally, the proposed SETR is independent of polarization conditions. Both the TM and TE modes are insensitive to large incident angles. In the future, broadband SETRs can be applied to solar energy harvesting, thermoelectric conversion, and imaging fields, as it holds broad application prospects....
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